Post 5- Jump Cuts, Over-the-Shoulder shots, Cutaways and Point of View Shots

Section A

Jump Cut

This is where there is a transition between two shots which appear to 'jump' due to the way each of the shots is framed in relation to each other. However this shot is not the most effective, this is because usually the framing is not different enough to be a new shot, therefore it usually looks like there is a mistake in the editing. To avoid this kind of shot, you should zoom in instead of cutting and make the framing of the two shots completely different. 

A link to the definition of Jump Cut: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_cut

Over-the-Shoulder shot

This is when a shot is framed behind a person who is looking at the other person or subject. The person who is facing the other person should have about 1/3 of the frame. It helps to establish the position of each person, you also get the feel of looking at one person from the other's point of view. This type of shot is usually used in a conversation between two people, and the camera alters the view between the different speakers.

A link to the definition of Over-the-Shoulder shot: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over_the_shoulder_shot

This image is an example of the over-the-shoulder shot. It gives the audience  a view from that person's point of view. In action, the camera would keep changing from each person's shoulder, especially if they were having a conversation. This shot is much more personal to the audience than other shots, it somewhat 'includes' them within the actual shot.

Cutaway

This is a shot that's usually of something other than the current action. For example, it could be of a different subject or a close up of a different part of the subject. It usually involves a cut back to the first shot but not always. Also, it's usually used to add more detail and interest to the whole scenery and the action taking place by the subject.

This is a link to information of a cutaway: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaway_(filmmaking

This is a picture I took to show an example of a cutaway. As you can see the first shot is of someone walking, however the cutaway is of the bag the person is holding, this gives the viewer more understanding of the subject and it makes it more interesting too.

A Point of view shot

The point of view shot is where it shows the view from the subject's perspective. It is usually used in horror or thriller type films for tension, it's used to show that someone could be 'spying' on someone else. It's etablished by being positioned between a shot of a character looking at an object, and another shot showing characters reaction.

More information of a Point of view shot:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_view_shot

This is my example of a Point of view shot that I took. It's someone looking downwards to the floor or  their  knee. It's a point of view shot because it's from the person's perspective. 

Post 4-Script Writing

Below I have written and then scanned the script for my preliminary task. Also included in the script are additional comments, this is important when referring back to the script when filming to know what kind of facial expression the character must make and what action is appropriate. 

Post 3-Continuity

Section A

Continuity editing is a style of film editing in the post-production process of film making. The purpose of this editing technique is to smooth over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process. Also, it is used to make a shot appear more realistic and it stops any jumpiness occuring.

There are two types of continuity editing, one is called temporal continuity and the other is called spatial continuity.

There is more information here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_editing

The rules and shots of continuity editing

The 180 degree rule

This rule refers to the idea that there is a 'line' which cuts through the middle of a scene, from side to side with respect to the camera. So if you break this rule and cross this line, then it changes the viewer's persepctive and causes confusion. So to avoid breaking this rule, the camera should stay on the side of vision that it started on and not move beyond that.

A link to show a clear explaination of the rule: http://www.mediacollege.com/video/editing/transition/reverse-cut.html

This diagram show the 180 degree rule. As you can see, crossing the line switches the people into different positions and causes confusion.

The Shot-Reverse shot

This type of technique is where one character is shown looking at another character, usually off-screen, and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. So the characters are shown looking in different direction, it is made to look like they are looking at each other to the viewer.

For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_reverse_shot

Match-on-action

Match-on-action means when something is happening in the scene, and then there is a cut, the same action must be occurring. This technique is really important for the viewer so they understand continuously what is happening.  It portrays a continuos sense of the same action, rather than matching two separate things.

I found a clear explanation here: http://www.slideshare.net/joe940/match-on-action-180-rule-shot-reverse-shot

My examples of 180 degree rule and Match-on-action

The picture above and below show when the 180 degree is broken. As you can see, if you go beyond 180 degrees, the positions of the people change, which then confuses the viewer.

The picture above and below show match-on-action. So someone opening a door is then continued into the next shot,